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Cyber Security

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4276 ARTICLES

Azure Cosmos DB Flaw Exposed Platform-Wide Key That Could Access Any Database
CYBERSECURITY

Azure Cosmos DB Flaw Exposed Platform-Wide Key That Could Access Any Database

A now-patched vulnerability in Azure Cosmos DB could have let an attacker escape the service’s Gremlin query sandbox and obtain full read and write access to databases across customer tenants, according to Wiz. Wiz, which codenamed the chain CosmosEscape, said the exploit chain began with a crafted query against a Gremlin database controlled by the attacker. From there, code execution on a

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Walking the Walk on Package Registry Sustainability
CYBERSECURITY

Walking the Walk on Package Registry Sustainability

Public package registries are not free extensions of corporate infrastructure. They sit directly in the path of modern software development. Every dependency resolution, automated build, security scan, and release depends on infrastructure that someone has to operate, secure, support, and improve.

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CISA sets a new SBOM baseline
CYBERSECURITY

CISA sets a new SBOM baseline

The US Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), together with its co-authoring partners, has released the 2026 Minimum Elements for a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), replacing the 2021 guidance published by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA). An SBOM is a list of the components that make up a software package and their supply chain relationships. It helps organizations understand what is included in their software, assess software supply chain risks, and make … More → The post CISA sets a new SBOM baseline appeared first on Help Net Security.

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CISA Urges Water and Wastewater Systems Sector to Protect OT Against Activity Targeting PLCs
CYBERSECURITY

CISA Urges Water and Wastewater Systems Sector to Protect OT Against Activity Targeting PLCs

CISA is currently observing a significant increase in cyber threat actors targeting programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in the Water and Wastewater Systems (WWS) Sector. CISA urges critical infrastructure owners, operators, and integrators to remove publicly exposed PLCs and other operational technology (OT) from the internet as soon as possible. Threat actors targeting exposed PLCs have modified passwords to lock out operators and disconnected the PLCs by changing their IP addresses. This activity has resulted in boil water notices and sustained manual operations. These threat actors are targeting water entities of all sizes. Even water organizations with mature cybersecurity processes should validate their external connections, as this targeting activity includes cellular modems installed by operators, vendors, or system integrators that may not be documented or included in routine attack surface scans. OT assets exposed to the internet have an increased risk of defacement, configuration changes, operational disruptions, and, in severe cases, physical damage. CISA recommends organizations implement the following mitigations: Disconnect the PLC from the internet. Remote access for operational purposes should go through a VPN or gateway device, not directly to the PLC. Enable password protection and change default passwords. Allowlist IPs to only allow remote access from known engineering laptops or other critical OT assets. After disconnecting PLCs from the internet, operators should ensure they have a known clean backup of the PLC image in case they are locked out by a modified password. Note: Owners, operators, and integrators of Rockwell Automation MicroLogix 1400 PLCs should see Rockwell Automation’s IMPORTANT NOTICE: Restoring Access to a MicroLogix™ 1400 Controller When the Password Is Unknown for guidance addressing this activity. To securely enable remote access to your OT systems, CISA recommends system owners, operators, and integrators see the following resources for guidance: CISA: Primary Mitigations to Reduce Cyber Threats to Operational Technology United Kingdom’s National Cyber Security Center: Secure Connectivity Principles for Operational Technology For additional support, contact the Environmental Protection Agency’s Cybersecurity Technical Assistance Program for the Water Sector or your CISA Regional Office. To report a cyber incident, contact CISA’s 24/7 Operations Center (contact@cisa.dhs.gov), or call 1-844-Say-CISA (1-844-729-2472). Please see Reporting a Cyber Incident for more details or contact FBI’s Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) or your local FBI field office. When available, please include the following information regarding the incident: Date, time, and location of the incident Type of activity Number of people affected Type of equipment used for the activity Name of the submitting company or organization, and a designated point of contact Disclaimer The information in this report is being provided “as is” for informational purposes only. CISA does not endorse any commercial entity, product, company, or service, including any entities, products, or services linked within this document. Any reference to specific commercial entities, products, processes, or services by service mark, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by CISA. Acknowledgements The Environmental Protection Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigation contributed to this Alert.

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Johnson Controls OpenBlue Employee
CYBERSECURITY

Johnson Controls OpenBlue Employee

View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to upload malicious files, execute stored cross-site scripting attacks, or inject arbitrary HTML content. The following versions of Johnson Controls OpenBlue Employee are affected: OpenBlue Employee (FMS Employee) <=V2025.3.1 (CVE-2026-21662, CVE-2026-34495, CVE-2026-34497) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 2.4 Johnson Controls Inc. Johnson Controls OpenBlue Employee Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type, Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’), Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) Background Critical Infrastructure Sectors: Critical Manufacturing, Commercial Facilities, Government Services and Facilities, Transportation Systems, Energy Countries/Areas Deployed: Worldwide Company Headquarters Location: Ireland Vulnerabilities Expand All + CVE-2026-21662 The application does not adequately restrict the types of files that can be uploaded, allowing an attacker to submit files with dangerous content types. Uploaded files may be stored in predictable locations and could be leveraged for further exploitation against the application or its users. View CVE Details Affected Products Johnson Controls OpenBlue Employee Vendor: Johnson Controls Inc. Product Version: Johnson Controls Inc. OpenBlue Employee (FMS Employee): <=V2025.3.1 Product Status: known_affected Remediations Mitigation Johnson Controls recommends the following defensive measures to help reduce the risk of exploitation: Apply the latest product update for OpenBlue Employee (FMS Employee). Customers running V2025.3.1 [LV1.1] or earlier should apply the latest available update. Mitigation Limit application access to authorized users and enforce strong authentication. Mitigation Enable the “Do Not Show Files” location setting if the feature is not being actively used. Mitigation Employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to help detect and block malicious requests. Mitigation Investigate and promptly remove any suspicious files or content discovered within the application. Mitigation Limit internet exposure by restricting access to trusted networks or VPN users where practical. Mitigation Review uploaded content periodically and remove content that is no longer required. Mitigation For more detailed mitigation instructions, please see Johnson Controls Product Security Advisory JCI-PSA-2026-09 at the following location: https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/trust-center/cybersecurity/security-advisories https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/trust-center/cybersecurity/security-advisories Relevant CWE: CWE-434 Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type Metrics CVSS Version Base Score Base Severity Vector String 3.1 2.4 LOW CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N 4.0 4.8 MEDIUM CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N CVE-2026-34495 Stored XSS occurs when the application improperly handles user input and stores malicious JavaScript code within its database. This script is then rendered and executed whenever another user accesses the compromised page. Unlike reflected XSS, persistent XSS is particularly dangerous because the payload remains active until it is manually removed from the system. View CVE Details Affected Products Johnson Controls OpenBlue Employee Vendor: Johnson Controls Inc. Product Version: Johnson Controls Inc. OpenBlue Employee (FMS Employee): <=V2025.3.1 Product Status: known_affected Remediations Mitigation Johnson Controls recommends the following defensive measures to help reduce the risk of exploitation: Apply the latest product update for OpenBlue Employee (FMS Employee). Customers running V2025.3.1 [LV1.1] or earlier should apply the latest available update. Mitigation Limit application access to authorized users and enforce strong authentication. Mitigation Enable the “Do Not Show Files” location setting if the feature is not being actively used. Mitigation Employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to help detect and block malicious requests. Mitigation Investigate and promptly remove any suspicious files or content discovered within the application. Mitigation Limit internet exposure by restricting access to trusted networks or VPN users where practical. Mitigation Review uploaded content periodically and remove content that is no longer required. Mitigation For more detailed mitigation instructions, please see Johnson Controls Product Security Advisory JCI-PSA-2026-09 at the following location: https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/trust-center/cybersecurity/security-advisories https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/trust-center/cybersecurity/security-advisories Relevant CWE: CWE-79 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (‘Cross-site Scripting’) Metrics CVSS Version Base Score Base Severity Vector String 3.1 2.4 LOW CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N 4.0 4.8 MEDIUM CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N CVE-2026-34497 HTML injection occurs when user-controlled input is embedded into web pages without proper encoding or sanitization, allowing attackers to inject arbitrary HTML markup. This vulnerability enables attackers to manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM) structure and alter the visual presentation of web content. Unlike Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), HTML injection typically involves static HTML content rather than executable JavaScript, though it can serve as a stepping stone to more severe attacks. View CVE Details Affected Products Johnson Controls OpenBlue Employee Vendor: Johnson Controls Inc. Product Version: Johnson Controls Inc. OpenBlue Employee (FMS Employee): <=V2025.3.1 Product Status: known_affected Remediations Mitigation Johnson Controls recommends the following defensive measures to help reduce the risk of exploitation: Apply the latest product update for OpenBlue Employee (FMS Employee). Customers running V2025.3.1 [LV1.1] or earlier should apply the latest available update. Mitigation Limit application access to authorized users and enforce strong authentication. Mitigation Enable the “Do Not Show Files” location setting if the feature is not being actively used. Mitigation Employ a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to help detect and block malicious requests. Mitigation Investigate and promptly remove any suspicious files or content discovered within the application. Mitigation Limit internet exposure by restricting access to trusted networks or VPN users where practical. Mitigation Review uploaded content periodically and remove content that is no longer required. Mitigation For more detailed mitigation instructions, please see Johnson Controls Product Security Advisory JCI-PSA-2026-09 at the following location: https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/trust-center/cybersecurity/security-advisories https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/trust-center/cybersecurity/security-advisories Relevant CWE: CWE-80 Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) Metrics CVSS Version Base Score Base Severity Vector String 3.1 2.4 LOW CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N 4.0 4.8 MEDIUM CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N Acknowledgments Johnson Controls reported these vulnerabilities to CISA Legal Notice and Terms of Use This product is provided subject to this Notification (https://www.cisa.gov/notification) and this Privacy & Use policy (https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-policy). Recommended Practices CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities. Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet. Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks. When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets. Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies. Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks: Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages. Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams. Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks. No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. Revision History Initial Release Date: 2026-07-30 Date Revision Summary 2026-07-30 1 Initial Republication of Johnson Controls Inc. Security Advisory JCI-PSA-2026-09 Legal Notice and Terms of Use

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MikroTik RouterOS
CYBERSECURITY

MikroTik RouterOS

View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to extract the router’s WireGuard private key in plaintext using only low‑privilege API access, enabling full VPN impersonation and decryption of all associated traffic. The following versions of MikroTik RouterOS are affected: RouterOS vers:all/* (CVE-2026-14227) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 4.9 MikroTik MikroTik RouterOS Insufficient Session Expiration Background Critical Infrastructure Sectors: Information Technology Countries/Areas Deployed: Worldwide Company Headquarters Location: Latvia Vulnerabilities Expand All + CVE-2026-14227 An API session‑management flaw in products with the MikroTik RouterOS API enabled are vulnerable to a Insufficient Session Expiration vulnerability. This could allow active sessions to retain their previous permission set after inactivity timeouts or user‑group changes. As a result, an authenticated user whose permissions have been reduced may continue accessing information. View CVE Details Affected Products MikroTik RouterOS Vendor: MikroTik Product Version: MikroTik RouterOS: vers:all/* Product Status: known_affected Remediations Mitigation MikroTik recommends administrators to ensure that when a user’s permissions are downgraded, the affected user is fully logged out so the new policy can take effect. Mitigation For more information, contact MikroTik (https://mikrotik.com/support). https://mikrotik.com/support Relevant CWE: CWE-613 Insufficient Session Expiration Metrics CVSS Version Base Score Base Severity Vector String 3.1 4.9 MEDIUM CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N 4.0 6.9 MEDIUM CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N Acknowledgments Andre Santos reported this vulnerability to CISA Legal Notice and Terms of Use This product is provided subject to this Notification (https://www.cisa.gov/notification) and this Privacy & Use policy (https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-policy). Recommended Practices CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability. Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet. Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks. When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures. CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets. Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies. Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks: Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages. Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams. Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks. No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time. Revision History Initial Release Date: 2026-07-30 Date Revision Summary 2026-07-30 1 Initial Publication Legal Notice and Terms of Use

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